Lesson 20

Страдательный залог

 (Passive Voice)

В английском языке существует 2 залога: действительный залог (the Active Voice) и страдательный залог(the Passive Voice).Когда мы используем действительный залог (the Active Voice), то само подлежащее выполняет действие: Tom designed new computer program.-Том составил новую компьютерную программу.

Страдательный залог употребляется, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несущественен, или когда действие или его результат  более интересны, чем исполнитель. А new computer program was designed by Tom.-Новая компьютерная программа была составлена Томом.

Образование страдательного залога: TO BE + Ved, V3

Passive Voice

 

Simple

Progressive

Perfect

Present

am

is + Ved, V3

are

am

is  + being + Ved, V3

are

have, has + been + V ed, V3

Past

was, were   + Ved, V3

was, were + being + Ved, V3

had+ been+ Ved, V3

Future

will be + Ved, V3

 

----

will have been + Ved, V3

Примеры образования страдательного залога:

A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. - Много денег было украдено.

He has never been bitten by dogs. - Его никогда не кусали собаки.

A new supermarket will be built next year.- Новый супермаркет будет построен в следующем году.

Отрицательная форма образуется  путем прибавлением к первому вспомогательному глаголу  отрицания NOT: The letter was not posted a week ago. - Письмо не было послано неделю назад.

I haven not been invited to the party. - Меня не пригласили на вечеринку.

Вопросительная форма образуется путем вынесения первого вспомогательного глагола на место перед подлежащим:

This room was cleaned yesterday. - Was this room cleaned yesterday?

 

Выполните упражнения

1.Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.

1. Cheese is made of milk.

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2. A very interesting film was shown at the cinema last week.

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3. All flights will be canceled tomorrow.

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4. The computer is being used at the moment.

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5. This picture was painted by a very famous painter.

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2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive и переведите предложения.

1. Bread (to eat) every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 5. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library Friday. 6. Many houses (to build) in our town year. 7. This work (to do) tomorrow. 8. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 9. These trees (plant) last autumn. 10. Many interesting games always (to play) at our IT lessons. 11. This bone (give) to my dog tomorrow. 12. We (to invite) to concert last Saturday. 13. My question (to answer) yesterday. 14. Hockey (to play) in winter. 15. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 16. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 17. His new book (to finish) next year. 18. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 19. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.

 

3. Переведите конструкцию активного залога в пассивную, употребив глагол в соответствующей форме.

1. Everybody loves this dish

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2. Have they collected all the necessary information?

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3. Nobody will ever buy such an ugly picture

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4. The police caught this criminal a year ago

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5. The doctor was examining a patient when I came

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6. The noise frightened the children

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7. We had spent all the money by the end of our vacation.

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8. Will they raise prices again?

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9. Our neighbours’ are growing new flowers this year   

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10. They use this word in several meanings

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4. Переведите конструкцию активного залога в пассивную, употребив глагол в соответствующей форме.

 1. What did they say about the exam?

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 2. They haven't found a way out yet

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 3. Why did they conceal the truth?

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 4. My brother is still repairing his car

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 5. It turned out that Mary had organized a new show.

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 6. I won't leave such important documents at the office.

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 7. How many times has she used the mincer since she bought it?

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 8. Did you know that they were watching you?

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9. My daughter breaks something every time she washes the dishes.

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10. She didn't make the children help her in the garden

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5. Переделайте конструкцию активного залога в пассивную. Дайте два варианта, где это возможно.

1. They sold the ring to some lady yesterday

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2. The principal introduced our new English teacher to us.

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3. Haven't you agreed on all the most important details yet?

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4. She'll certainly show us her new picture

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5. They report that a dangerous criminal is missing

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6. Did the teacher explain anything new to you at the lesson?

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7. She didn't even send me a birthday card!

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8. By 5 o'clock the committee hadn't announced the winner yet.

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9. Professor Brand always gives these recommendations to his students.

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10. We never laugh at his jokes because they aren't funny

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6. Переделайте конструкцию активного залога в пассивную. Дайте два варианта, где это возможно.

1. Don't disturb him. He's dictating a very important letter to his secretary.

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2. She was describing the accident to passers-by when the police arrived.

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3. Oh, dear! She's been waiting for me for a quarter of an hour already.

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4. What are they looking for?

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5. Some stranger offered his help when I fell down in the street.

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6. When did he write this book?

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7. He speaks in such a low voice that nobody ever listens to him.

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8. Mr. Brown is buying a new car

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9. Every woman is pleased when somebody pays her a compliment.

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10. They haven't bought anything new lately.

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