Lesson 20
Страдательный
залог
(Passive Voice)
В английском
языке существует 2 залога: действительный залог (the Active Voice) и
страдательный залог(the Passive Voice).Когда мы
используем действительный залог (the Active Voice), то само
подлежащее выполняет действие: Tom designed new computer program.-Том составил новую компьютерную
программу.
Страдательный
залог употребляется, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несущественен, или
когда действие или его результат более интересны,
чем исполнитель. А new computer program was designed by Tom.-Новая компьютерная программа была составлена Томом.
Образование
страдательного залога: TO BE + Ved, V3
Passive Voice
|
Simple |
Progressive |
Perfect |
Present |
am is + Ved, V3 are |
am is + being + Ved, V3 are |
have, has + been + V ed, V3 |
Past |
was, were + Ved, V3 |
was, were + being + Ved, V3 |
had+ been+ Ved, V3 |
Future |
will be + Ved, V3 |
---- |
will have been + Ved, V3 |
Примеры
образования страдательного залога:
A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. - Много
денег было украдено.
He has never been bitten by
dogs. - Его никогда не кусали собаки.
A new supermarket will be
built next year.- Новый
супермаркет будет построен в следующем году.
Отрицательная
форма
образуется путем прибавлением к первому
вспомогательному глаголу отрицания NOT: The letter was not posted a week ago. - Письмо не было послано неделю назад.
I haven not been invited to the party. - Меня не пригласили на вечеринку.
Вопросительная
форма образуется
путем вынесения первого вспомогательного глагола на место перед подлежащим:
This room was cleaned
yesterday. - Was this room cleaned yesterday?
Выполните упражнения
1.Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.
1. Cheese is made of
milk.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. A very interesting
film was shown at the cinema last week.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. All flights will
be canceled tomorrow.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The computer is
being used at the moment.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. This picture was
painted by a very famous painter.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive и переведите предложения.
1. Bread (to eat)
every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3. Nick (to send) to Moscow
next week. 4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 5. I (to give) a very
interesting book at the library Friday. 6. Many houses (to build) in our town
year. 7. This work (to do) tomorrow. 8. This text (to translate) at the last
lesson. 9. These trees (plant) last autumn. 10. Many interesting games always
(to play) at our IT lessons. 11. This bone (give) to my dog tomorrow. 12. We
(to invite) to concert last Saturday. 13. My question (to answer) yesterday.
14. Hockey (to play) in winter. 15. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 16. Many
houses (to burn) during the Great
Fire of London. 17. His new book (to finish) next year. 18. Flowers (to
sell) in shops and in the streets.
3. Переведите конструкцию активного залога в
пассивную, употребив глагол в соответствующей форме.
1. Everybody loves this dish
_________________________________________________
2. Have they
collected all the necessary information?
_________________________________________________
3. Nobody will ever buy such an ugly picture
_________________________________________________
4. The police caught this criminal a year ago
_________________________________________________
5. The doctor was examining a patient when I came
_________________________________________________
6. The noise frightened the children
_________________________________________________
7. We had spent
all the money by the end of our vacation.
__________________________________________________
8. Will they raise prices again?
_________________________________________________
9. Our neighbours’ are growing new flowers this year
________________________________________________
10. They use this word in several meanings
_________________________________________________
4. Переведите конструкцию активного залога в
пассивную, употребив глагол в соответствующей форме.
1. What did they say about the
exam?
___________________________________________________
2. They haven't found a way out yet
___________________________________________________
3. Why did they conceal the truth?
___________________________________________________
4. My brother is still repairing his
car
___________________________________________________
5. It turned out that Mary had organized a new
show.
___________________________________________________
6. I won't leave such important documents at the
office.
___________________________________________________
7. How many times has she used the mincer since
she bought it?
___________________________________________________
8. Did you know that they were watching
you?
___________________________________________________
9. My daughter breaks something every time she washes the dishes.
___________________________________________________
10. She didn't make the children help her in the garden
___________________________________________________
5. Переделайте конструкцию активного залога в пассивную. Дайте два
варианта, где это возможно.
1. They sold the ring to some lady yesterday
___________________________________________________
2. The
principal introduced our new English teacher to us.
___________________________________________________
3. Haven't you agreed on all the most important details yet?
___________________________________________________
4. She'll certainly show us her new picture
___________________________________________________
5. They report that a dangerous criminal is missing
___________________________________________________
6. Did the teacher explain anything new to you at the lesson?
___________________________________________________
7. She didn't even send me a birthday card!
___________________________________________________
8. By 5 o'clock the committee hadn't announced the winner yet.
___________________________________________________
9. Professor Brand always
gives these recommendations to his students.
___________________________________________________
10. We never laugh at his jokes because they aren't funny
___________________________________________________
6. Переделайте конструкцию активного залога в пассивную. Дайте два
варианта, где это возможно.
1. Don't disturb him. He's
dictating a very important letter to his secretary.
___________________________________________________
2. She was
describing the accident to passers-by when the police arrived.
__________________________________________________
3. Oh, dear!
She's been waiting for me for a quarter of an hour already.
___________________________________________________
4. What are they looking for?
___________________________________________________
5. Some
stranger offered his help when I fell down in the street.
___________________________________________________
6. When did he write this book?
___________________________________________________
7. He speaks in
such a low voice that nobody ever listens to him.
___________________________________________________
8. Mr. Brown is buying a new car
___________________________________________________
9. Every woman
is pleased when somebody pays her a compliment.
___________________________________________________
10. They haven't bought anything
new lately.
___________________________________________________