Настоящее совершенное время.
(Present Perfect)
1.Образование:
To have +Ved или 3я
форма глагола
|
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
|
I, you, we, they have worked He, she, it has worked |
I, you, we, they have not /haven’t worked He, she, it has not/hasn’t worked |
Have I, you, we, they worked? Has she, he, it worked? |
2.Употребление:
1) Для
выражения действий, совершенных к настоящему времени, результат которых налицо
в данный момент. На русский язык эта форма переводится глаголом прошедшего
времени.
My sister has washed the window. It is clean. – Моя
сестра помыла окно. Оно чистое. (результат)
2) Для
выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до настоящего
времени с предлогами for (в течение) и since (с). В этом
случае эта форма переводится на русский язык глаголом настоящего времени.
I have known her for 3 years.– Я знаю ее уже 3 года.
3)Данная
временная форма употребляется с наречиями:
– just (только что), lately,recently (в последнее время), never,already (уже), not… yet (еще
нет)
Эти наречия
стоят между вспомогательным и основным глаголом.
Anna has already had dinner. –
Анна уже пообедала.
– all my life, for ages (целую вечность)
We haven’t seen for ages. – Мы не виделись целую вечность.
– today, this month (week, year) указывают на незаконченный период времени и стоят в
конце предложения.
Tom has drunk 2 cups of coffee
today. (Возможно,
до вечера Том выпьет еще несколько чашек)
4) Правила орфографии:
creat e– created
cry – cried
play – played
stop – stopped
5) когда
указан точный момент времени, употребляется Past Simple.
Last year I wrote the book.
Выполните упражнения
1.Напишите 3 форму глаголов.
|
Be |
|
Drive |
|
|
Make |
|
Leave |
|
|
Drink |
|
Visit |
|
|
Go |
|
Become |
|
|
See |
|
Read |
|
|
Play |
|
Sing |
|
|
Try |
|
Know |
|
|
Do |
|
Ask |
|
|
Forget |
|
Have |
|
2. Поставьте
предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.
1. We have lived in the country for 10 years.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. My brother has learnt the poem by heart.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. They have been friends since high school.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. She has just moved to a new flat.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. They have been to Paris.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect.
1. He (visit)_______________ many English museums.
2. We (translate) already _________________ this
text.
3. His sister (lose) _________________________ her
key.
4. Jane (not clean) __________________ her room
yet.
5. My friends (study) _______ at the University for
a year.
6. I (not do) ____________________ my homework yet.
7. Our parents (live) __________ -in America for 6
years.
8. They (not bring) _______ their dictionaries to
the class.
9. The author (write) ________________ -several
books.
10. She (go) ____________________________ already.
4. Составьте предложение по модели.
The longest poem –
to learn => This is the longest poem I've ever learnt.
1. the most difficult exam - to take
_____________________________________________________
2. the most wonderful present - to get
_____________________________________________________
3. the funniest joke - to hear
_____________________________________________________
4. the most hard-working person - to
meet
_____________________________________________________
5. the best friend - to have
_____________________________________________________
5. Составьте предложение по модели.
(to see / this
film?) – (never), (twice) =>
– Have you
ever seen this film? – No, I've never seen this film. / – Yes, I've seen this
film twice.
1. (to try / to
speak / Chinese?) – (never)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. (to drive / a
car?) – (several times)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. (to break /
one's arm?) – (once)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. (to get /
letters / from abroad?) – (never)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. (to learn /
poems / by heart?) – (many times)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. (to be / the
History Museum?) – (once)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. (to be /
Australia?) – (neve?')
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. (to be / the
Zoo?) – (three times)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. (to be / a
birthday party?) – (many times)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. (to be / the
Bolshoi Theatre?) – (never)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Составьте предложение по модели.
the first time –
to hear this song (I) => It's
the first time I've heard this song.
1. the second time
– to consult this doctor (I)
___________________________________________________
2. not the first
time – to make this mistake (you)
___________________________________________________
3. the first time
– to lie to somebody (she)?
___________________________________________________
4. the third time
– to fall ill – this year (the child)
___________________________________________________
5. the first time
– to help somebody (they)?
___________________________________________________
7. Дайте ответ на вопросы, употребляя слова в
скобках.
Have you done
exercise one yet? (just) — Yes, I've just done it.
1. Have you learnt
all the rules of English grammar yet? (yet)
______________________________________________
2. Have you done
many exercises yet? (already)
__________________________________________________
3. Have you
answered the first two questions yet? (already)
___________________________________________
4. Have you learnt
everything about Present Perfect yet? (so
far) ________________________________________
5. Have you
finished exercise two yet? (just)
__________________________________________________
8. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол Present Perfect.
1. ………… (you
/ ever/ to be) to any exotic country?
2. It's not the first time you ………… (to argue), is it?
3. I ……… (to hear)
a lot about this book but I …….. (not/
to read) it so far.
4. I ………. (already
/ to finish) the picture. You may look at it.
5. Where …... (you
/ to be)? – I …. (to be) to
the bank.
6. This is the most boring holiday I …… (ever/ to have).
7. I ………. (to be)
so busy this week that I ……… (not/
even/ to watch) TV.
8. It's too early to call him. He ……….. (not/to wake up) yet.
9. I ………. (never/
to see) a sunrise in all my life. It must be beautiful!
10. I ………….. (just/
to hear) the news! It's awful!
9. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол Present Perfect.
1. ……… (you /
ever/ to be) to the circus? - Sure, and I'd like to go again.
2. What ………. (to happen)?
– I ……….. (to lose) my
purse with all the money!
3. Is it the second time your brother ……… (to get) married? - Why? He ……. (never/ to be) married before.
4. You ………. (to take)
too many pictures! There's no place for all of them in the photo album.
5. I ………… (just/
to explain) everything to you. What else do you want?
6. It's the third glass of beer you ………. (to have) today. Isn't it enough?
7. …………. (your
Dad/ to return) from his business trip yet? - He is coming this evening.
8. This is the most dangerous accident my brother ……. (ever/ to have).
9. The plant ………… (to
grow) too large. I'm afraid I'll have to cut it.
10. ………… (you /
to prepare) everything for the party? - Yes, almost everything is ready.
10. Составьте вопросы с How long.
Пример: She is ill – How long has she been
ill?
1. John has a cold.
……………………………………………………………...............................................................................
2. Mary is in love with
Bruce
………………………………………………….............................................................................
3. I know their secret
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The Pitts have a car
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Nick is on holiday
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mr. Jones is my boss
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I hear some strange
noise
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I know what you mean
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Mum has a bad headache
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Brian as at home
…………………………………………………………….............................................................................
11. Ответьте на вопросы в Present Perfect, используя слова в скобках.
Пример: When did you play the piano last? (for ages) – I haven`t played the piano for ages.
1. When were you at the
cinema last? (for several months)
…………………………………………………………………….
2. When did you travel by
plane last? (since last summer)
……………………………………………………………………..
3. When did you see your
classmates last? (since I left school)
……………………………………………………………….
4. When did you write a latter last? (for many years)
…………………………………………………………………………
5. When did you speak to Mary
last? (since we quarreled)
…………………..............................................................................
6. When did you give a
party last? (for a month)
……………………………………………………………………………..
7. When did you hear from
Tom last? (for the last few days)
……………………………………………………………….
8. When did you go for a walk
last? (since last weekend)
…………………………………………………………………..
9. When did you buy
flowers last? (for ages)
………………………………………………………………………………..
10. When did you phone
your friend last? (since Monday)
…………………………………………………………………..