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CONTENTS UNIT 5. PRODUCTION COST VS QUALITY UNIT 6. QUALITY MANAGEMENT TEAM |
UNIT 2. Quality Control and
Quality Assurance Reading: Quality Control Video: Quality Assurance vs.
Quality Control Grammar: Passive Voice Career Skills: Introducing Others Dilemma: Quality Assurance Project Keynotes: Quality control is a system of technical procedures and activities developed and implemented to produce measurements of requisite quality. Quality control procedures include the collection and analysis of blank, duplicate, and spiked samples and standard reference materials to ensure the integrity of analyses and regular inspection of equipment to ensure it is operating properly. Quality assurance activities are more managerial in nature and include assignment of roles and responsibilities to project staff, staff training, development of data quality objectives, data validation, and laboratory audits. Preview: 1. Discuss the questions with a partner. 1. What classifications of products quality
control do you know? 2. What does reject mean? 3. Do you know any methods of quality
control? 2. Read the information about the perspectives on quality. Match the
column A with the column B. Perspectives on Quality A
B
Reading: 1. You are going to read a text about quality control. Before you
read, check that you understand these important words. Match the words
to the definitions.
Quality Control Quality control is a process that is used to ensure a certain level of quality in a
product or service. It might include whatever actions a business deems necessary to provide for the
control and verification of certain characteristics of a
product or service. Most often, it involves thoroughly examining and testing
the quality of products or the results of services. The basic goal of this
process is to ensure that the products or services that are provided meet
specific requirements and characteristics, such as being dependable, satisfactory, safe and fiscally sound. Companies that engage in quality control typically have
a team of workers who focus on testing a certain number of products or
observing services being done. The products or services that are examined
usually are chosen
at random. The
goal of the quality control team is to identify products or services that do
not meet a company's specified standards
of quality.
If a problem is identified, the job of a quality control team or professional
might involve stopping production or service until the problem has been
corrected. Depending on the particular service or product as well as the type
of problem identified, production or services might not cease entirely. Usually, it is not the job of the quality control team or professional
to correct quality issues. Typically, other individuals are involved in the
process of discovering the cause of quality issues and fixing them. After the
problems are overcome and the proper quality has been achieved, the product or service continues
production or implementation as usual. Many types of businesses perform these types of quality checks.
Manufacturers of food products, for example, often have employees who test
the finished products for taste and other qualities. Clothing manufacturers
have workers inspect garments to ensure that they are properly
sewn. Service-oriented companies often have representatives who observe the
services being performed or who do follow-up checks to
ensure that everything was done properly. Quality control also might involve evaluating people. If a company has
employees who don't have adequate skills or training, have trouble
understanding directions or are misinformed, the quality of the company's
products or services might be diminished. This is especially important for
service-oriented companies, because the employees are the product that they
provide to customers. Often, quality control is confused with quality
assurance.
Though the two are similar, but there are some basic differences. Quality
control is concerned with examining the product or
service – the end result – and quality assurance is concerned with examining
the process that leads to the end result. A company would use quality
assurance to ensure that a product is manufactured in the right way, thereby reducing or eliminating potential problems with the
quality of the final product. 2. Discuss these questions in pairs. 1. What
does quality control process mean? 2.
What is the purpose of this process? 3.
What actions does it usually involve? 4.
Who usually correct quality issues? 5.
What is the difference between quality control and quality assurance? Speaking: Make a report on one of these topics: 1.
Technical quality control. 2.
Statistical methods of quality control. 3.
Statistical acceptance quality control 4.
Methods of statistical process control. Video: Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control 1. You are going to watch the video about quality assurance and
quality control. After watching the film,
answer the questions below. 1.
What comes first QA or QC? 2.
What does QA prevent? 3.
What does QC prevent? 4.
What is ISO 9001? 5.
What happens if you don’t have controls? 2. Fill in the gaps to make phrases used in the video. 1. QA
is __________ oriented. 2. QC
is __________ oriented. 3. QA
is done __________ the product is created. 4. QC
is done __________ or __________ the manufacturing process. 5. QA
focuses on __________ of defects. 6. QC
focuses on __________ of defects. 7.
a process of __________ standards through planning. 8. a
process for __________ standards. Grammar: Passive Voice 1. Work individually. Study the
information below. The Passive
Voice
Verbs with two objects have two
possible passive structures.
2. Fill in the table with the
sentences below.
1. These containers will be made
of the special ploy. 2. We will be improving design of that
package all day tomorrow. 3. We transport goods. 4. New packaging materials will
have been represented by our firm by 2013. 5. This firm will produce tin
cans. 6. The contract was being
discussed from 10 till 11 o’clock yesterday. 7. He has just sold two stamps. 8. They will have weighted it by
10 p.m. 9. They delivered materials to the
shop. 10. The demand for ready-to-eat
fresh food is being increasing. 11. When the manager came the shop
assistants had already packed the product. 12. The use of metal containers
was patented by Peter Durand. 13. He was solving that problem at
that moment yesterday. 14. Flour has been wrapped in
paper and put into a bag. 15. She is cooking dinner. 16. Before Peter Durand patented
metal containers only glass jars had been used for food preservation. 17. The convenience of the
microwave is being enhancing. 18. Tea, coffee, sugar and dried
fruits are weighed out in front of the customer. 3. Make simple past passive negatives and questions. Ex: Juice / preserve/ canning. – Juice was
not preserved by canning. Was juice preserved by canning? 1. Lighter cans / replace/ those
made of heavy materials..…..…………….… 2. Salmon / usually sell to people
living in Africa..…..…………….… 3. Plastic / invent / in
1999..…..…………….… 4. The technology / modify/
engineers..…..…………….… 5. Consumers / worry / price
rising ..…..…………….… 4. Ask questions with Who..…..…………….…by? Ex: - Look at this beautiful package!
(develop) Who was it developed by? 1. Do you know that the method of preserving
food in glass appeared in 19th century? (invent) ..…..…………….… 2. Microsoft is one of the
prosperous computer firms on the world market. (own) ..…..…………….… 3. That’s a wonderful dress.
(made) ..…..…………….… 4. I really like these jars.
(produce) ..…..…………….… 5. The Civil War contributed
significantly to the popularization of condensed milk. (supply) ..…..…………….… 5. Translate these verbs into
Russian. Make up sentences in
different Tenses and Voices using these verbs.
6. Turn the sentences into passive and pay special attention to the Grammar Tense (it should not be changed). Ex: We must learn to use the Passive. The Passive must be learned and
used. 1. They transport flour
in bags. 2. Not so many years ago people salted
meat to preserve it. 3. The seller has weighed
cereals in front of the customer. 4. My mother is cooking a
pie now. 5. Probably, I will write
an essay on food conservation. 6. Yesterday, from 5 till 7
o’clock, we were trying to make ice-cream at home. 7. We will be pickling
cucumbers the whole day tomorrow. 7. Remake the story, turning all
sentences into passive. This incident happened during the
winter break at the end of last year when I was visiting friends. I went to
the kitchen to reheat an apple pie. I opened the microwave oven's door and
put the pie and punched in 3 minutes. While I was waiting for the pie, I
smelled something burning. It was the paper box enwrapping the pie I had
forgotten to remove. The smoke filled the house, triggering the fire alarm
and I had to spend half an hour with the firemen to do their checkups and
switch off the alarm ... so guys, before you microwave food, take off the box
first! 8. Define the voice of the verbs
in the sentence. 1. These methods are very
important. 2. The project is usually made by
a group of people. 3. The product will be taken for a
test. 4. The staff did their work very
well. 5. This goods will be sold in this
store. 6. The new solution of this
problem is very good. 7. The conference was held in the
largest hall. 8. Such questions are never
discussed at our meetings. 9. Choose the correct form of the
verb to be. 1. These
tools ... used very often. 1.
is 2. are 3. be 4. am 2. This
garnet ... sold in every shop. 1.
be 2. am 3. is 4. are 3. Only
French ... spoken in this country. 1.
is 2. am 3. be 4. are 4. The
post ... delivered yesterday. 1.
is 2. was 3. are 4. were 5. will be 5. My PC
... repaired tomorrow. 1.
is 2. are 3. will be 4. was 5. am 6. That
document ... translated by our friend two days ago. 1.
is 2. was 3. were 4. are 5. will be 7.
Ourcompany ... founded several years ago. 1.
are 2. is 3. were 4. was 5. will be 8. The
Executive Vice President of the company ... elected next year. 1.
are 2. is 3. were 4. shall be Career Skills: Introducing Others When we introduce people, it is
helpful to say a little about what job the person does or where he
works. Look at these ways of introducing people and giving information.
In formal situations, we use
personal titles with people's surnames. 1. Which of these names does not
include a title? Which two titles are not possible in English?
2. Match the definitions with the
five correct titles above. a) a woman who is not married; b) a woman who is married; c) a woman who is married or
unmarried; d) a man who is married or
unmarried; e) a man or a woman who has a PhD or
medical degree. 3. Work in groups of three. Take
turns to be the group leader and introduce two new members of the team to
each other. Include information about what each person does. Ex. This is Martina. She's a sales manager. She's with ICI. This is Juan. He’s a student. He
studies English.
Dilemma: Quality Assurance Project PROCESS TASK: The QA Group defines and assigns
the tasks, work products and processes that will be performed, such as those
listed below: a) Review products, tools,
services, and facilities against requirements, standards and guidelines. b) Audit project processes for
compliance with standards, and established best practices. Example
process evaluation and verification tasks are described in the QA Process,
reference (b). c) Participate in peer
reviews and project reviews (technical and management reviews) by providing
status on compliance, problem areas, and risks. Guidance on reviews is
contained in references (c), (d) and (e). d) Suggest methods,
standards, guidelines, and tools to be defined for the project and verify
they are documented in the project management plan or separate QA plan. e) Report results of product
and/or service evaluations and process audits to the PM, senior management,
relevant stakeholders, and the project’s engineering process group (e.g.
SEPG) as appropriate. f) Collect and report metrics
on the status of cost and schedule, product evaluations, project quality, and
audits. g) Collect improvement
information on the QA processes and establish and maintain a description of
the defined process. Establish and maintain the plan
for the QA Process - Quality objectives, in
measurable terms - Types of test and verification
and validation (V&V) activities - Entry and exit criteria for
project lifecycle phases - Responsibilities of the QA group - Resource and training
requirements for the QA group or function - Scheduling, budgeting and
funding of QA activities - QA participation in development
of project plans, standards, and procedures - Process evaluations and audits
to be performed by QA - Product and service audits and
reviews to be conducted by QA - Standards and procedures used
for QA - Documenting and tracking
noncompliance issues, and the escalation procedure - Documentation that QA
establishes, maintains, and controls over the life of the project through
delivery - Method, audience, and frequency
of providing feedback on QA activities Word list
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